Dr. Vinita Dutta

Endometriosis

Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a chronic condition in which tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus, known as endometrium, begins to grow outside the uterus. This abnormal growth can cause pain, infertility, and other problems.

Features of Endometriosis

Ectopic Growth of Endometrial Tissue: This tissue most commonly involves the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the tissue lining the pelvis. Rarely, it may spread beyond pelvic organs.

Pain: The most common symptom, often severe and typically related to the menstrual cycle.

Fertility Issues: Endometriosis can be a significant cause of infertility.

Symptoms

Pelvic Pain: Commonly associated with menstrual periods (dysmenorrhea), but may also occur at other times.

Menstrual Irregularities: Including heavy periods (menorrhagia) or bleeding between periods.

Pain During Intercourse: Dyspareunia, which is pain during or after sex.

Pain with Bowel Movements or Urination: More common during menstrual periods.

Other Symptoms: Fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, bloating, and nausea, particularly during menstrual periods.

Treatment Options

Medications:

Pain Relievers: NSAIDs like ibuprofen to manage pain.

Hormonal Therapies Birth control pills, patches, and vaginal rings to control hormones. GnRH agonists and antagonists to reduce estrogen production. Progestin therapy to counteract estrogen. Aromatase inhibitors to lower estrogen levels.

Surgical Treatments:

Laparoscopic Surgery: To remove as much endometrial tissue as possible while preserving fertility.

Hysterectomy In severe cases, removal of the uterus and possibly the ovaries may be necessary.

Fertility Treatments:

Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART): Including in vitro fertilization (IVF) for women experiencing infertility due to endometriosis.

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